Otoritas Keagamaan di Era Digital: Tantangan Disinformasi, Dakwah Digital, dan Rekonfigurasi Wewenang Ulama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30999/an-nida.v14i1.4158Keywords:
Otoritas Keagamaan, Dakwah Digital, Disinformasi, Media Sosial, Ulama, NetnografiAbstract
Kemajuan eksponensial teknologi digital telah mengubah lanskap keagamaan di Indonesia secara fundamental, memicu pergeseran mendalam dari otoritas keagamaan berbasis institusi tradisional menuju otoritas yang terfragmentasi di ruang siber. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif dampak ekosistem digital terhadap struktur otoritas ulama, penyebaran disinformasi keagamaan, dan transformasi metodologi dakwah. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode netnography (netnografi), penelitian ini mengkaji interaksi, konten, dan pola narasi keagamaan di berbagai platform media sosial utama (YouTube, TikTok, dan Instagram). Hasil penelitian mengungkap tiga fenomena utama. Pertama, algoritma media sosial yang memprioritaskan engagement (keterlibatan) emosional bertindak sebagai katalisator kuat bagi penyebaran disinformasi dan radikalisme, yang secara signifikan mengaburkan batas antara kebenaran teologis dan popularitas semata. Kedua, fenomena "Dakwah Digital" telah memicu komodifikasi dan pendangkalan makna agama—yang dikonseptualisasikan sebagai McDonaldisation of religion—di mana ajaran yang mendalam direduksi menjadi konten visual instan yang disesuaikan untuk konsumsi massa. Ketiga, terdapat rekonfigurasi wewenang ulama yang nyata; legitimasi "otoritas epistemik" yang berakar pada sanad keilmuan pesantren kini semakin ditantang oleh "otoritas performatif" yang dimainkan oleh micro-celebrity preachers. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa otoritas keagamaan di era digital pada hakikatnya bersifat hibrida dan cair, sehingga menuntut adanya literasi digital yang kritis di kalangan umat serta adopsi strategi komunikasi digital yang adaptif oleh institusi keagamaan tradisional.
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